Supersonic Fighter Jets - The Concorde was the first and last supersonic jet in passenger service. But this claim comes with a caveat.
Airplanes can only travel above the speed of sound through the ocean. The prospect of a noisy sonic boom caused by an aircraft crossing the sound barrier forced pilots to hold back the throttle over cities and towns after takeoff and before touchdown. "This speed limit actually makes the aircraft less efficient," said Carl Wisniewski, director of advanced programs in aviation. "It's designed to fly fast."
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The last Concorde landed in 2003, but NASA and a team of aerospace companies including Lockheed Martin and Aviation are not done with supersonic passenger flights. They are developing a supersonic concept plane that can break the sound barrier without releasing a sonic boom and shaking everything on the ground.
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Loud noise is the sound of shock waves emitted by an object traveling through air faster than the speed of sound. "We want to know if there is a level of sonic boom that doesn't disturb the population," Wisniewski said. "We were looking for design features that could reduce noise on the ground."
Earlier this year, NASA said it would pay Lockheed about $20 million over the next 17 months to complete the preliminary design for Quiet Supersonic Technology (QSST). The first flight of a scaled-down version of the aircraft "Low Boom" could take place in 2019. Depending on the results and cost, trials in populated areas could come in the next decade.
In its press release, NASA said, "It has been nearly 70 years since Chuck Eyre broke the sound barrier aboard the Bell X-1 as part of high-speed research ... aimed at passengers A prize flight for a cool supersonic jet.
Above: NASA's concept of its next generation supersonic aircraft. IMA Credit: NASA Above: A-powered F/A-18 jet fighter breaking the sound barrier. Ima credit: TT Imas
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Lockheed's prototype will use the F404 jet engine, which the company developed for the F/A-18 Hornet fighter jet, with a top speed of Mach 1.8, or 1.8 times the speed of sound. "We used an existing supersonic engine for the prototype because we wanted to keep the cost as low as possible," said Wisniewski. "We help integrate the engine and the aircraft."
QSST is supplying the team with "CycleDeck" software that simulates the operation of the machine. "This helps us calculate thrust and fuel consumption anywhere on the flight map," Wisniewski said.
In 1947, the Bell X-1B rocket plane piloted by Chuck Eyer reached a speed of 700 mph, or Mach 1.06, and became the first aircraft to break the sound barrier. The aircraft, which is powered by a rocket engine, is launched from a Superfortress bomber. IMA Credit: NASA
Along with NASA, Aviation is one of the cradles of supersonic flight. In 1948, the company hired Raman aviation pioneer Richard Newman, who invented the variable stator. The revolutionary design allowed pilots to turn the vanes on the engine's stator, changing the pressure inside the turbine and allowing regular planes to fly faster than the speed of sound.
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Richard Newman (left) and Neil Burrows developed the J79 engine, the first supersonic jet engine that could travel at twice the speed of sound. IMA Credit: Aviation
In the 1960s, the company also built 4 supersonic engines for the Boeing 2707 aircraft, America's supersonic answer to the Concorde and the Russian Tu-144 made by Britain and France. But due to rising costs and lack of potential customers, Boeing canceled the project.
The last Concorde is now part of a permanent exhibit at the Intrepid Air and Space Museum in New York City: IMA Credit: Shutterstock
Today builds few supersonic military machines. The latest design - the world's first and only adaptive three-flow engine - combines high fuel efficiency for subsonic flight with high thrust for supersonic performance.
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